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There's a vile sickness in Abbas town.

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Dig into the deep earth and cut it out.

From IHeart podcasts and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Manky,

this is Havoc Town. A new fiction podcast set in the Bridgewater Audio Universe, starring Jules State and Ray Wise.

Listen to Havoc Town on the IHart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Welcome to Brain Stuff, a production of IHeartRadio.

Hey, Brainstuff, Lauren Vogelbaum here.

It's no wonder that Rudolph is the most famous reindeer of all.

In addition to being a skilled flyer, his nose glows bright red.

This unusual variation on the reindeer nasal prominence

has all kinds of benefits. If the weather's ever bad on Christmas Eve, Santa is still cleared

for flight by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, among others, thanks to the brightness of

Rudolph's nose. But how does Rudolph's nose actually work? How can one reindeer

create a light bright enough to bleed a sleigh through darkness and inclement weather? And how can

a reindeer even have a glowing red nose in the first place? Although no one may ever know for sure,

just how Rudolph got his unusual nose, we think the most logical explanation is, of course, science.

A Rudolph could use something that many organisms use on Earth in order to create natural

light, a neat trick called bioluminescence.

In luminescent, animals and fungi, chemical compounds mixed together to produce a glow. It's a lot

like the way that substances inside a light stick combine to make light. The reasons vary. Fireflies,

...