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You're listening to Shortwave from NPR. Hey, shortwaver's Emily Kwong here. So the next four years

are likely to be difficult for foreign-born scientists who want to work in the United States.

That's because the incoming Trump administration wants to make it harder for these scientists to get a work visa or a green card.

John Hamilton is with me.

As a science correspondent who regularly talks to a lot of these scientists, you've been reporting on what this could mean for research in the U.S., right?

I have.

And it sounds like it could be trouble because even though President-elect Donald Trump's focus has been on deporting millions of undocumented residents, that ever could spill over into the visas that allow a lot of foreign-born scientists to work here legally.

Why is there such a concern that that will happen?

The concern is based on what happened during Trump's first term.

You know, that was from 2017 to 2021.

And early on, the president made a point of targeting a type of visa that allows many scientists and engineers to work in the U.S.

It's known as an H-1B visa and it's for foreign workers who hold at least a bachelor's degree and who have skills that are needed by U.S. companies and research institutions.

I do remember this.

The conflict over H-1B visas, And those are used by people who are doing,

let's say, computer or software engineering at places like Amazon or Google, a lot of tech hubs use

these visas.

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