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Welcome to Science Talk, the weekly podcast of Scientific American, posted on August 12, 2010. I'm Steve Murski. This week on the

podcast. Starting around 195,000 years ago and kind of lasting up through 123,000 years ago, the planet

entered into a glacial phase. Kind of everything went to hell in a handbasket, except for in a few

little pockets.

That's Kate Wong, our resident expert in human evolution.

She'll be talking about the cover story of the August issue of Scientific American when the sea saved humanity,

and one of those little pockets that may be the reason our species survived.

And editor-in-chief Mariette de Christina talks about the rest of the contents of the August issue.

I start off talking to Mariette.

So apparently we're lucky to be here today, we three, and the other almost seven billion of us on Earth.

It's hard to believe, isn't it, that with almost seven billion people on earth and many

millions of them living right here with us in New York City, that once upon a time human

beings were almost extinct.

Once upon a time being approximately how long ago?

So Homo sapiens evolved a little bit for about 195,000 years ago,

and things were going along pretty well up into that point.

There was adequate food, the climate conditions were mild,

...