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CrowdScience

What keeps the universe in balance?

CrowdScience

BBC

Science

4.81K Ratings

🗓️ 6 March 2026

⏱️ 32 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

CrowdScience listener Ndanusa in Ghana, is gazing up at the stars, and wondering. Big philosophical questions, like… what keeps our universe in balance?

From our perspective here on earth, the universe seems like a vast, harmonious system, perpetuating eternally without change. But Ndanusa knows a thing or two about the stars, and he knows that they use up hydrogen as they burn, and release helium. And he’s wondering, is there something out there which does the opposite? Something that uses up helium, and produces hydrogen, to keep the universe in perfect, chemical equilibrium?

His question makes sense! Here on earth for example, animals use up oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, and plants do the opposite. A perfect cycle of production and consumption which (at least in theory), keeps our planet in perfect balance. Could the same kind of system be in place in the wider expanse of the universe?

His intriguing question leads presenter Alex Lathbridge on a journey into the blackness of deep space, the ancient origins of our universe, and the complex physics of the stars. He pops into the Ghana Radio Astronomy Observatory, just outside Accra, where astrophysicist Dr Proven Adzri helps him peer into the earliest few seconds of our universe, and find out what set the stars burning. And at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Dr Linus Labik talks him through what’s going on at the atomic level. And in the deep blackness of the night, up above the tree canopy of Kakum National Park, he takes a peek at the stars for himself. Local guides Chris and Kwabena explain how much meaning there is behind the stars in the night sky.

Presenter: Alex Lathbridge

Producer: Emily Knight

Editor: Ben Motley

(Photo: Large orange and purple exploding orb - stock photo Credit: Soubrette via Getty Images)

Transcript

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0:00.0

BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, Podcasts.

0:07.0

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0:11.0

The Hunger Game, a new five-part series exploring the meteoric rise of weight loss drugs.

0:16.0

It's been an incredible story with these drugs.

0:18.1

The uptake, the amount of product that's been sold, the amount of money

0:21.2

is cost. What the drugs do, how they work, and the knock-on effects of their widespread use.

0:26.5

We'll be sitting here in three years' time going, oh, it caused problems that we're now going

0:31.3

to have to fix. The Hunger Game with me, Professor Gilesio. Listen first on BBC Sounds.

0:46.3

Welcome to Kakum National Park. My name is Kwabina Asante.

0:58.0

From Abrapo, Dumasie here, who works as a tour guide in Kakum National Park rainforest. We're hoping to see some stars. Where are we going? We are going to the forest, but the problem is the forest

1:02.0

canopy will cover is to find a place where we can go up on the tree platform

1:08.0

to be able to see the stars. Yeah, okay.

1:11.6

Let's go. Yenko.

1:13.6

Okay.

1:15.6

You've caught me somewhere, unexpected, hiking through a forest.

1:20.6

I found myself in Kakum National Park in Ghana's central region.

1:25.6

It's the end of the day. All the visitors have gone home and dusk slowly approaches.

1:32.3

My guide, Koubanah, is leading us into the forest.

1:36.3

Do you believe there are spirits?

1:38.3

Yes.

1:39.3

Yes.

1:40.3

Where we are in the nature.

...

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