Welcome to Impact Insides, the podcast series of Astoria Investment Managers.

Carbon emissions are on the international scope.

Business must reduce the environmental impact.

One of the most significant ways to do this is by reducing their carbon footprint,

and this starts with monitoring carbon emissions.

Dris Corneill, investment analyst at Astoria,

provides you with a comprehensive guide on emissions scopes 1, 2, and 3,

as defined by the GHG Protocol Corporate Strandard.

Scope 1 Em cover direct emissions from owned or controlled sources, or in other words, the emissions that are released into the atmosphere as a direct result of a firm's activities.

This includes mobile combustion of all vehicles owned by a firm, but for electric vehicles, some of this falls in scope 2.

This also includes process emissions released during industrial processes, such as, for example, cement manufacturing.

Scope 2 emissions cover indirect upstream emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling

consumed by the reporting company. Thus, all emissions arising when generating the electricity

that's consumed by the firm. As a third, scope 3 emissions include all indirect emissions

that occur in a company's value chain.

Usually this is further split into upstream and downstream scope tree emissions.

For upstream activities, this includes business travel, employee commuting, waste disposal, manufacturing of purchase goods and services.

And don't stream activities are use of sole products and the full

end-of-life treatment of sole products. Measuring scope 3 emissions is more and more important as it allows

organizations to assess where the emissions hotspots are in the supply chain and identify resource

and energy risks in the supply chain.

And also finally, improve energy efficiency of their products over the full life chain.

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