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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Suzanne Bard.

Thousands of years ago in what's now the Kimberley region of Western Australia,

Aboriginal artists created elaborate rock paintings. Much of the artwork still exist today.

If you're walking beside the rivers and creeks and go up into the escarpments

into rock shelters, there are just thousands of rock art sites. University of Melbourne geochronologist

Damien Finch. The oldest paintings depict plants and animals, but later works show human figures

in ceremonial attire and ornate headdresses.

And then around the arms and the elbows and the knees, there's decorations,

and sometimes I'll be holding a clutch of boomerangs, and very often they're very finely executed

using quite long and elegant-looking brushstrokes.

The human-centered paintings represent what's known as the Guion style.

How old the artwork is has remained a mystery, however.

That's because the typical method for estimating the age of ancient objects,

radiocarbon dating, relies on the presence of organic carbon. But the artists used ochre pigments that had no organic carbon. There is nothing organic that we can apply carbon dating to.

So the only thing that we can do is look for stuff that's either been constructed on top of

or underneath the paintings.

That's where mud wasps come in. The insects often incorporated organic matter into their nests,

...