Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about Volvo Cancer.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash volval

or in the cancer section of the zero to finals obstetrics and gynecology book.

So let's get straight into it.

Volvo cancer is rare compared with other gynecological cancers.

Around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas.

Less commonly, they may be malignant melanomas. Let's talk briefly about the risk

factors. The main risk factors are advancing age, particularly over 75 years, immunosuppression,

the human papillomavirus or HPV infection and lichen sclerosis.

Around 5% of women with lichen sclerosis get vulval cancer.

Let's talk about vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.

Volval intraepithelial neoplasia, Vulval intra-epithelial neoplasia, or V-I-N, is a pre-malignant condition affecting the squamous

epithelium of the skin that can precede vulval cancer.

V-I-N is similar to the pre-malignant condition that comes before cervical cancer,

which is cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.

A condition called high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion

is a type of VIN associated with HPV infection

that typically occurs in younger women aged 35 to 50 years.

Differentated VIN is an alternative type of VIN that's associated with lichen sclerosis

and typically occurs in women aged 50 to 60 years. A biopsy is required to diagnose VIN. A specialist will

coordinate management. The treatment options include watching and waiting with close follow-up,

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