Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about ovarian cancer.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash ovarian

or in the cancer section of the zero to finals obstetrics and gynecology book.

So let's get straight into it.

Ovarian cancer refers to cancer of the ovaries.

Ovarian cancer often presents late due to non-specific symptoms, resulting in a worse prognosis.

More than 70% of patients with ovarian cancer present ulterior. symptoms, resulting in a worse prognosis.

More than 70% of patients with ovarian cancer present after it's spread beyond the pelvis.

Let's talk about the types of ovarian cancer.

Firstly, epithelial cell tumours.

Epithelial cell tumors, which are tumors arising from the epithelial cells of the ovary, are the most common type of ovarian cancer. Subtypes of epithelial

cell tumours include cirrus tumours, which is the most common, endometriot carcinomas, clear cell tumours,

mucanus tumors, and undifferentiated tumors. Next, there's dermoid cysts or germ cell

tumors. These are benign ovarian tumors. They are teratomas, meaning that they come from the germ cells.

They may contain various tissue types such as teeth, hair, skin and bone.

They are particularly associated with ovarian torsion.

Germ cell tumors may cause a rise in alpha-feetoprotein or AFP and human corionic gonadotropin or

HCG.

Next there's sex cord stromal tumors and these are rare tumors that can be benign or malignant.

They arise from the stroma, or the connective tissue, or from the sex cords, which are the

embryonic structures associated with the follicles.

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