The History of the World Podcast, written and presented by Chris Hasler

Volume 4 The Medieval World.

Episode 51, the Battle on the Ice. Oh, yeah. The Battle on the Ice is alternatively named the Battle of Lake Papers,

as the Battle took place on the surface of a frozen lake.

The Lake today sits on the border between the modern countries of Estonia and Russia.

The area was inhabited by a Bultofinnik tribes during ancient times.

This area of Europe is one of the last areas of Europe

to modernise into an ancient state,

remaining tribal in nature right up until the second millennium.

The area was certainly inhabited before Bultofinnic language speakers migrated to the area.

Much like much of Northern Europe, peoples migrated northwards into such lands as the modern country

of Estonia after the recession of the ice sheets after the younger dryas,

a climatic event where average temperatures dramatically dropped for around a millennium around 12,000 years ago.

Traditional technological developments can be monitored after the original migration.

Bone, stone and flint the original migration.

Bone, stone and flintels would be added to by ceramic wear production from the 5th millennium BCE onwards.

Historians have found it, difficult to pin down when the ancestors of modern Estonians first appeared in the region,

but it is certainly believed that they were definitely there by 3,000 years ago.

It is also difficult to pinpoint how prominent land cultivation style agriculture was

in the earlier years of settlement or how long it took for

animal domestication to become commonplace. Time will tell as more discoveries

are made in the region in the future.

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