This is the History of the World Podcast with me Chris Hasler

and this is volume 2 the ancient world

episode 36 the ancient world, a summary. Oh, Oh, 3,000 B.C.E.

In the period of time between the Neolithic Revolution and the Bronze Age,

agriculture had reached all major land masses and humankind had started to coalesce into large urban settlements for the first time.

Use of metals had become common and different societies began to develop different levels of technology

to utilise these metals. Some would not go far beyond cold hammering,

while others would develop advanced methods of smelting and molding.

As city populations expanded, the requirement for more efficient methods of farming became necessary.

Methods of irrigation advanced as well as soil management tools such as the plow were created.

Early plows would have been pulled by beasts of burden such as cattle, but the plow was one type of vehicular advance and the

requirement to transport large amounts of yield and goods meant that the use of

sledges and rollers advanced to cause humans to create and

utilise early wheels.

Larscale trade and transfer of goods within and between societies brought about pressure to keep records of transactions and this is likely to have created the requirement for the first types of writing.

The non-residential megalithic spiritual centres such as Gobekley Tepe had been replaced by the temple

complexes within the city walls and the shamanic individuals of the hunter-gatherer

tribes have been replaced by an elite class in a monarchical society.

These are the Neolithic and Calcolithic periods

which carried us from the Paleolithic stone age through to the Bronze Age

which began 5,000 years ago.

By 3,000 B.C. E. large settlements such as Uruk and Ur had emerged in Mesopotamia, also Memphis in Egypt,

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