Valvular Heart Disease and Murmurs (2nd edition)

The Zero to Finals Medical Revision Podcast

Thomas Watchman

Life Sciences, Education, Medical Finals, Medicine, Surgery, Health & Fitness, Paediatrics, Medical Student, Medical Education, Medical Exams, Medical School, Medical Revision, Science, Learn Medicine, Finals Revision, Obstetrics And Gynaecology

4.8 • 678 Ratings

🗓️ 20 March 2023

⏱️ 23 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

This episode covers valvular heart disease and murmurs. Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/cardiology/valvularheartdisease/ or in the cardiology section of the 2nd edition of the Zero to Finals medicine book. The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

Transcript

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0:00.0	Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.
0:07.2	My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about valvular heart disease.
0:12.8	And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash valvular heart disease
0:18.8	or in the cardiology section of the second edition of the zero to finals
0:24.5	medicine book. So let's get straight into it. Let's start with the normal heart sounds. The first heart
0:32.8	sound, S1, is caused by the closing of the atrial ventricular valves, which is the tricuspid valve on the right
0:41.0	and the mitral valve on the left at the start of the systolic contraction of the ventricles. So as the
0:49.0	ventricles start to squeeze, the tricuspid and mitral valves will close causing the first heart sound.
0:57.6	The second heart sound, or S2, is caused by the closing of the semi-luna valves,
1:04.2	the pulmonary valve on the right side and the aortic valve on the left side,
1:08.9	once systolic contraction is complete. So as the ventricles
1:13.2	have finished contracting and they start to relax, the pulmonary and aortic valves will
1:18.6	close causing the second heart sound. Have a listen to the normal heart sounds S1 and S2.
1:43.3	Next let's talk about the third heart sound. A third heart sound called S3 is heard roughly 0.1 seconds after the second heart sound.
1:53.1	Think of it as rapid ventricular filling causing the cordi tendin eye in the heart to pull to their full length and twang like a guitar string.
2:05.3	Having the extra heart sound of S3 can result in what's described as a gallop rhythm.
2:12.6	Have a listen to an example of the third heart sound.
2:31.2	Okay. example of the third heart sound. A third heart sound. A third heart sound can be normal in young healthy patients aged around 15 to 40 years old because the heart functions
2:36.2	so well that the ventricles rapidly fill. In older patients it can indicate heart failure
2:42.5	as the ventricles and the cordi are stiff and weak and they reach their limit much faster
2:48.1	than normal. You can think of this like tight hamstrings in an old deconditioned patient sharply
2:56.3	tightening as they bend forward.
	...

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