Hello and welcome to the explanation from the BBC World Service.

This is where we press polls on the busy 24-hour news cycle

and dig a bit deeper behind the headlines.

Today the West Bank's nightmares started coming true.

Protesters are trying to bricks in there, using bamboo poles to smash vehicles.

It's a city where mothers carry guns along with their groceries.

The spaces that people can run to for safety are shrinking every day here.

I'm Claire Graham and with the help of my colleagues around the world

I'll be trying to get a better understanding of the stories that matter to all of us.

Today, South Africa after apartheid has the dream of an integrated rainbow nation become a reality.

Prime Minister, what is the government trying to do with its policy of apartheid?

A apartheid or separation to use the English equivalent between black and white

has been the traditional policy of both the English and African-speaking people in South Africa for centuries.

Its object is to regulate life between black and white, to eliminate friction between the two groups

and to ensure the safety of the white polarity.

I'm joined today by the former head of the BBC South Africa Bureau Milton Encosi.

Milton Encosi grew up in the timeship of Soweto and experienced first hand the realities of the apartheid regime.

Milton, can we start by explaining exactly when apartheid became law in South Africa?

It officially came in 1948 when a political party known as the National Party, the NP, won an election

where they legislated racial segregation laws.

Prior to that colonialism for hundreds of years leading up to 1948 was still in place.

It was not really the beginning of racial discrimination in 1948.

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