I'm Samir Patel, editor-in-chief at Quanta Magazine. Our mission at Quanta is to cover what we call basic or fundamental research in science and math. That means the kind of work that's driven by curiosity and discovery and the search for knowledge. We're interested in how and why everything around us works the way that it does. On our brand new show, the Quanta

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from the frontiers of science and math.

Four years. That's how long the people of Ukraine have defended their country against the Goliath that is Russia.

Four years that are lost from our lives and that we're never getting back those years.

I'm Marco Werman. And I'm Carolyn Beeler. Today we focus on the story of that war. We'll hear resilience.

None of us knew how long this would last.

If someone had told us it would be years, we would have been crushed by the weight of it.

Outright defiance.

If all of us leave, so who's going to live here, this is Putin's main goal.

I don't want him to be happy.

And yes, fear and loss.

They are just kids.

It's the state's responsibility to bring them home alive and safe.

Reflections on a war heading into its fifth year and more news today on the world.

This is the world. I'm Carolyn Beeler. And I'm Marco Wurman. Thank you for being here this Tuesday.

It began just before sunrise four years ago today. A line of Russian armored tanks began advancing toward Kiev from the north.

Cruise missiles rained down on Ukrainian cities. The region had not seen attacks like these

since World War II. So began what Russia's leader Vladimir Putin calls the special military

operation and what the rest of the world calls a full-scale invasion. Four years on, Kyiv has not

fallen. Ukrainian resistance has proven stronger than Moscow expected. In the capital near-nightly

...