Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about Type 2 diabetes.

If you want to follow along with written notes on this topic,

you can follow along at zero definals.com slash type 2 with a number,

diabetes or in the endocrinology section of the 0.0

2finals medicine book. So let's get straight into it. So to start with, let's go through some

simplified path of physiology. Exposure to glucose and insulin make the cells of the body become

resistant to the effects of insulin.

Therefore, it requires more and more insulin to produce a response from the cells

and to get them to take up the glucose.

Over time, the pancreas, specifically the beta cells,

become really tired and fatigued and damaged by producing so much insulin, so they start

to produce less. If you have a continued onslaughts of glucose on the body, in light of the insulin

resistance and the fatigue in the pancreas, this leads to chronic hyperglycemia.

The chronic hyperglycemia leads to the chronic hyperglycemia leads to

microvascular, macrovascular and infectious complications

that we've discussed when we talked about type 1 diabetes.

There's a few risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes.

Firstly, let's talk about non-modifiable risk factors,

and these are older age, the ethnicity,

and it's particularly prevalent in black, Chinese or South Asian patients, and of course family

history, so if you have a direct relative with type 2 diabetes, you clearly have a genetic

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