Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about Turner Syndrome.

If you want to follow along with written notes on this topic,

you can follow along at zero tofinals.com slash Turner

or in the genetic condition section of the zero to finals pediatrics book.

So let's get straight into it.

Turner syndrome occurs where a female has a single X chromosome, making them 45XO.

The O refers to an empty space where the other X chromosome should be.

Life expectancy is close to normal with Turner Syndrome.

There's a few features to be aware of and these include short stature,

webbed neck, high arching palate,

downward sloping eyes with tois or drooping of the eyelids, a broad chest with widely spaced

nipples, cubitus valgus, which we'll talk about more shortly, underdeveloped ovaries with reduced

ovarian function, late or incomplete puberty, and most females are infertile.

Cubitus Valgus refers to an abnormal feature of the elbow.

When the arm is extended downwards with the palm facing forwards,

the angle of the forearm at the elbow is exaggerated,

with the forearm angled away from the body.

A quick tom tip, the three classic features to remember and look out for an exams are short stature,

web neck, and widely spaced nipples. There's a few conditions that are associated with

Turner syndrome, and these are recurrent otitis

media, recurrent urinary tract infections, co-optation of the aorta, hypothyroidism, hypertension,

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