Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through tonsillitis.

And you can find notes at 0.0.5.com and in the 0 to Finals Pediatrics book.

And you can find flashcards and questions at members.0.0.5.com.

So let's jump straight in.

tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the tonsils. It's most common in school-aged

children and young adults. Let's start with the causes. The most common cause of an acute

sore throat is a viral infection.

Group A Streptococcus or Streptoccus pyogenes is the key bacterial cause of acute tonsillitis.

Other important causes of acute sore throat in a child or young adult include infectious

mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, Group C and Group G streptocockeye infection,

Candidal pharyngitis with infection with candida or a fungus if the patient is immunocompromised or if they've

recently had antibiotics or inhaled steroids, diphtheria, which is rare in vaccinated children, and epiglottitis,

which can be caused by hemophilus influenza type B, which is also rare

in vaccinated children. Let's talk about Waldia's tonsular ring. In the pharynx at the back of the

throat, there is a ring of lymphoid tissue called Waldia's tonsular ring. There are six

areas of lymphoid tissue. The palatine tonsils, which occur in a pair at either side at the back of the

throat. The tubal tonsils, which are also in a pair, the adenoids and the lingual tonsil at the back of the tongue.

The palatine tonsils are the ones typically infected and enlarged in acute tonsillitis.

Let's talk about the presentation. A typical presentation is a child with a fever, sore throat and painful swallowing.

Donsolitis can present with nonspecific symptoms, particularly in young children.

They may present only with a fever, poor oral intake, headache, vomiting or even abdominal pain.

Examination of the throat will reveal red, inflamed and enlarged tonsils with or without exudates.

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