Thrombocytopenia
EM Clerkship
Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD
4.9 • 816 Ratings
🗓️ 11 March 2018
⏱️ 9 minutes
🧾️ Download transcript
Summary
Clinical Presentation
* Incidental finding on routing CBC* Petechiae/purpura* Mucosal bleeding* Epistaxis* Gingival bleeding* Hematuria* Vaginal bleeding
5 Major Causes of Thrombocytopenia
* Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)* Clinical presentation (pentad)* Thrombocytopenia* Fever* Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia* “schistocytes”* Neurologic abnormalities* Renal dysfunction* Physiology* Low ADAMTS13 results in impaired vWF breakdown* Widespread “platelet plugs”* Treatment* Plasma exchange* Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)* Clinical presentation* Pediatric patient with bloody diarrhea* Renal dysfunction* Thrombocytopenia* Treatment* Supportive care* Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)* Clinical presentation* Recent heparin administration* Acute thrombocytopenia (<150) or 50% decrease in platelets* Treatment* Stop heparin and choose different anticoagulant* Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)* Clinical presentation* Patient septic, severe trauma, or otherwise critically ill/injured* Multiple abnormal labs* Increased PT/PTT* Increased D-dimer* Increased fibrinogen degradation products* Treat underlying trigger* Immune/Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)* Common condition* Relatively benign* Treatment* Steroids* Occasionally platelet transfusion* Other causes* HIV* Hepatitis* Heavy alcohol use
Additional Reading
* Thrombocytopenia: An ED Approach (emDOCs)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson, and thank you for downloading this week's |
| 0:06.1 | episode of the EM Clerkship Podcast. Another big topic this week. I got to say, since starting |
| 0:14.6 | this podcast, I've been very surprised at how many big topics there actually are. When I was an |
| 0:19.8 | intern, I figured chest pain, |
| 0:21.3 | shortness of breath, stroke, back pain, abdominal pain, and then other random stuff that is |
| 0:26.3 | uncommon. But it turns out that the amount of stuff you need to know to be a good emergency |
| 0:30.3 | medicine physician is absolutely just ridiculous. We see random stuff like every shift. That's why I love it. We are literally a jack of all trades. |
| 0:40.5 | Right when it seems like the back painters will never end, I'll get somebody with low platelets or |
| 0:46.0 | something. And it's just such a mental relief because I hate doing the same thing over and over and |
| 0:51.7 | over. It's one of the big reasons why I love my job. |
| 0:56.3 | Today, we are talking about thrombocytopenia, which is a big topic, low playlets. Not uncommon. |
| 1:05.6 | I've seen this a lot, actually, especially because we're getting CBCs on everybody, which is a completely different |
| 1:12.3 | conversation. |
| 1:14.1 | You still got to remember your symptoms of thromocytopinia, too, though. |
| 1:18.5 | Don't just rely on the lab test. |
| 1:20.3 | Platelet issues classically present as the more superficial mucosal type bleeding, |
| 1:26.7 | epistaxis, gingerva, maybe GII or bladder or vaginal bleeding, |
| 1:31.6 | bleeding to the outside of the body, usually not deep bleeding. Deep is the key word used with |
| 1:38.1 | the other coagulation disorders. Deep joint bleeding or deep muscle bleeding. Also remember that with platelet issues, you see those non-blanchual patikia and purpur on the skin. |
| 1:51.3 | Just remember those symptoms because you'll definitely see some of that during your clerkship. |
| 1:56.0 | But usually we catch this because we get the CBC on everybody. |
| 2:00.2 | Today, I want to talk about the big five causes of thrombocitopenia that you need to know. |
... |
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