Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Aside from all the satellites and the space station orbiting the Earth,

there's a lot of trash circling the planet, too.

21,000 baseball-sized chunks of debris, according to NASA.

But that number is dwarfed by the number of small particles.

There's hundreds of millions of those.

And those smaller particles tend to be going fast.

So you think of picking up a grain of sand at the beach, and that would be on the large side of what we're worried about.

But they're going 60 kilometers per second.

Seagrid Close, an applied physicist and astronautical engineer at Stanford

University. Close says that whereas mechanical damage, like punctures, is the worry with the bigger

chunks, the dust-sized stuff might leave more insidious, invisible marks on satellites by causing

electrical damage. We also think that this phenomenon can be attributed to some of the failures and anomalies we see on orbit

that right now are basically tagged as unknown cause.

Close inner colleague Alex Fletcher modeled this phenomenon mathematically based on plasma physics behavior.

And here's what they think happens.

First, the dust slams into a spacecraft, incredibly

...