The road to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050 has never been more urgent.

I'm Allison Nathan and this is exchanges at Goldman Sachs. Right now we're at a tipping point. In order to reach the climate goals set out by the Paris Agreement, the world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent and cut methane emissions by over a third.

But at the same time, geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and rising inflation

have led to renewed focus on energy security.

How governments, companies, and investors balanced the need for this security while navigating the transition

to a sustainable and more equitable future is one of the most pressing questions facing the world

today.

To help us understand the path to achieving this balance, I'm sitting down with

Kara Mangone, Global Head of Climate Strategy, and John Goldstein, head of Goldman Sachs's Sustainable Finance

Group, which recently released its 2021 sustainability report that takes a deep dive into these topics.

John Carra, welcome back to the program.

Thanks, Alsom.

Thanks, Alanis.

Since we last spoke on this program in November, the major development has clearly been

Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which has led to a sharp shift in focus from the need for clean energy to the need for secure energy.

Governments are looking to replace the energy they receive from Russia.

It seems in any which way we're even hearing calls to bring back more coal.

So what does the Ukraine war mean for the future of climate change and the speed of the energy

transition?

The tragic situation that is unfolding in Ukraine at the moment

is absolutely underscoring what you just reference, which is

it's going to be a really complex energy transition,

...