The Prehistoric Plague
The Ancients
History Hit
4.7 • 4.5K Ratings
🗓️ 3 May 2026
⏱️ 49 minutes
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Summary
The first ever outbreak of 'plague' - Yersinia Pestis, the most feared disease in human history - was long thought to be the Plague of Justinian in 541 AD. But new studies of ancient DNA have revealed traces of Yesinia Pestis dating back more than 5,000 years.
In this episode of The Ancients, Tristan Hughes is joined by Laura Spinney to explore the origins of prehistoric plague. How did this pestilence emerge to blight the Neolithic world? Where did it come from? And could it have triggered a Stone Age collapse which signalled the dawn of the Bronze Age in Europe? Discover how this deadly pathogen reshaped entire Stone Age societies, long before the advent of written history.
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Presented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan. The producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.
All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds
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Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Ever wondered why the Romans were defeated in the Tudorburg forest? |
| 0:04.0 | What secrets lie buried in prehistoric Ireland? |
| 0:07.0 | Or what made Alexander truly great? |
| 0:10.0 | With a subscription to history hit, you can explore our ancient past alongside the world's leading historians and archaeologists. |
| 0:17.0 | You'll also unlock hundreds of hours of original documentaries with a brand new release every single week covering everything from the ancient world to World War II. |
| 0:26.5 | Just visit historyhit.com slash subscribe. The plague, Yersinia Pestis, the most feared disease in human history, |
| 0:49.7 | responsible for the horrific deaths of hundreds of millions of people across millennia. |
| 0:55.0 | Now the first historically recorded plague outbreak, the Justinian Plague, began in 541 AD, |
| 1:03.0 | but new evidence has revealed something startling. |
| 1:07.0 | Ancient DNA studies have discovered traces of Yersinia pestis dating back more than 5,000 years ago. |
| 1:15.8 | Proof that this disease was already devastating Eurasia in the late Neolithic, the late Stone Age period, |
| 1:23.6 | nearly 3,500 years earlier than the first recorded plague. |
| 1:29.7 | So where did it come from? |
| 1:32.1 | What was happening in Eurasia 5,000 years ago that sparked this outbreak? |
| 1:38.1 | Could this plague have triggered a Neolithic collapse, a Stone Age collapse, |
| 1:42.9 | and signalled the dawn of the Bronze Age in Europe. |
| 1:47.0 | Welcome to the ancients. I'm Tristan Hughes, your host, and today we are telling the story |
| 1:52.5 | of this prehistoric plague. Our guest is the science journalist and author, Laura Spinney. |
| 2:04.4 | Laura? science journalist and author, Laura Spinney. Laura, it's a pleasure to have you on the podcast. |
| 2:06.9 | It's a pleasure to be here. |
| 2:08.1 | And it is good to see you in person. |
| 2:09.9 | We've done two episodes in the past on Proto-Indo-European and the Origins of Mythology. |
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