After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, hopes for democracy gradually gave way

to decades of instability and dictatorship. By the early 20th century, frustration with the long

rule of Porfirio Diaz finally erupted into revolution. What followed was a decade of coups,

assassinations, shifting alliances, and civil war involving figures like Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Learn more about the Mexican Revolution and why it remained one of the most important upheavals of the 20th century on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Overwhelmed by investing.

If you're anything like us, the hardest part is getting started. That's why we created

the Investing for Beginners podcast. Our goal is to

help simplify money so it can work for you. We invite guests to demystify investing. At least like

the minimum 10% into the 401k. I'm Dave Ahern and I'm Andrew Sather. And we hope you join us on the

Investing for Beginners podcast. On the Investing for Beginners podcast.

On the Investing for Beginners podcast.

Mexico joined the Spanish Empire after Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztecs in 1521,

marking the start of a centuries-long struggle.

One of the things that Mexico suffered from under the Spanish was the Costa system,

a social hierarchy favoring Spanish-born migrants over indigenous people.

By the 19th century, Creoyos, were people of full Spanish ancestry born in the Americas rather than Spain.

In the early 19th century, they formed much of the elite

class, owning land, holding political power, and dominating economic life. Mestisos were people

of mixed Spanish and indigenous ancestry. They made up a large and growing portion of the population

and generally occupied the middle or lower levels of society working as farmers, laborers, artisans, or soldiers.

Napoleon's 1807 invasion of Spain during the Peninsular War gave Mexico a window for independence,

a chance seized by Father Miguel Hidalgo. Hidalgo led a nationalist movement uniting the indigenous

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