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Throughline

The Characters That Built China (2022)

Throughline

NPR

Documentary, Society & Culture, History

4.616.4K Ratings

🗓️ 17 August 2023

⏱️ 49 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Today, China is a global superpower. But less than two hundred years ago, the nation was in a state of decline. After what became known as the 'century of humiliation' at the hands of Western imperialist powers, its very survival was in question. A movement arose to fight off foreign interference and preserve Chinese culture in the face of intense pressure from a rapidly-changing world. And the key to that movement was language.In this episode, we follow three key reformers who worked to modernize written and spoken Chinese, sometimes risking their lives to do so. Their work simplified Chinese, standardized it, and took it from an inaccessible language built for the elite to a modern language for the masses. It was a struggle that spanned generations, changed the fate of millions of people, and helped create the powerful modern nation-state of China.

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Transcript

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0:00.0

The U.S. tends to think of itself as the center of the world, and to some degree, that's

0:05.7

true.

0:06.7

Our country's economic, military, and cultural power have dominated the globe for decades,

0:11.7

but that's changing.

0:14.0

Over the past few years, we've watched Russia invade Ukraine, North Korea test nuclear

0:18.7

weapons, and China threaten Taiwan.

0:21.8

When we need a break from the news, we might binge the dystopian world of squid game, dance

0:26.2

it out to some K-pop, or distract ourselves with videos on the Chinese own platform TikTok.

0:32.2

And we do it all on devices powered by Taiwanese semi-conductors.

0:36.6

We're going to devote our next few episodes to telling some of the stories of how China,

0:41.0

South Korea, and Taiwan came to shape so many aspects of life around the world.

0:46.7

We're calling this series super power.

0:49.8

We start with the characters that built China, a sweeping story filled with spies, book smugglers,

0:56.0

and visionary librarians who stake their lives on the effort to create and share a common

1:01.8

written language.

1:05.1

The oldest theory we have of how Chinese characters came into being is actually this myth

1:21.0

of this four-eyed sage who spent his days looking up at the clouds and noticing the formation

1:32.1

and pattern.

1:38.1

And then he looked down on the ground and looked at how the birds were leading tracks on the

1:42.6

sand.

1:43.6

He noticed that there are these recurrent patterns in the universe that tied the world together.

1:49.7

And then the lore has that from that, that's how he developed characters.

...

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