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American Catholic History

The Carmelites of Port Tobacco: First Women's Religious in the USA

American Catholic History

Noelle & Tom Crowe

Religion & Spirituality, History, Christianity, Education

4.8969 Ratings

🗓️ 14 May 2026

⏱️ 14 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

In 1790 four Carmelite nuns — three native Marylanders and a woman originally from England — came from Hoogstraeten in what is not Belgium to establish a Carmelite monastery in Port Tobacco, Maryland. The native Marylanders were members of the Matthews family, one of the earliest and most prominent Catholic families in Maryland. This was the first women’s religious community established within the United States of America. They were aided by members of the Neale family — another prominent early Catholic family in Maryland. One of those Neales, Charles Neale, had been the chaplain of the Carmel in Hoogstraeten, and his family was happy to make a plot of land available on which the Carmelites could build their new monastery. The Carmel flourished initially, but eventually the sisters were compelled to move to a Carmel in Baltimore. The original Carmel fell into disrepair until local residents kicked in to maintain the buildings and the grounds in the hope that the Carmelites might return. They finally did.

Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello and welcome to American Catholic History, brought to you by the support of listeners like you.

0:11.0

If you like this podcast and would like to support our work, please visit American Catholic History.org

0:17.5

slash support. I'm Noelle Heister Crowe. And I'm Tom Crow. Today we're talking about the first

0:23.5

woman's religious community in the United States, the Carmel of Port Tobacco, Maryland.

0:29.7

They certainly were the first because while they came over and established their caramel

0:33.2

within a short time after such a thing became legal in the United States. Much earlier, and they would have been breaking the law.

0:42.5

Now, before we get started, one thing right off the bat, the name, Port Tobacco.

0:47.1

It's an odd name for a place where caramelates put down roots.

0:50.7

It does sound odd, but let's clear that up with some history.

0:53.1

First, yes, it does have reference to tobacco being the dominant cash crop in the region

0:57.7

when the town became prominent.

0:59.4

Yes, and shortly after the arrival of the English Catholic settlers in the 1630s,

1:04.5

port tobacco grew to be the second largest city in the colony.

1:09.0

It was, at the time, a port city on the Potomac River. And the

1:13.1

Potomac is very wide at this point, a few miles wide as it nears to Chesapeake Bay.

1:18.9

But the name didn't just come from the fact that it was an important port city, and the

1:23.3

major product that went through it was tobacco. There was also the happy accident that one of the native tribes in the region was known as the

1:30.6

Potapoko and the river that flowed into the Potomac at the point where the town stood was named

1:36.3

for this tribe.

1:37.7

Or maybe the tribe was named for the river.

1:40.2

Either way, between Potapoko being a prominent name in the region, the town being a port

1:44.8

city, and the main crop being tobacco, Port Tobacco it was. Nowadays, of course, the city is

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