#717: Clare Flynn Levy was a hedge fund manager in London in the summer of 2007, watching her trading screens turn red — every single day. Merger arbitrage spreads were widening. Investors were pulling out. She didn't yet realize she was watching the early tremors of a global financial crisis. Clare joins us to talk about what that experience taught her about investor behavior, emotional bias, and the hidden forces that drive financial decisions. She now runs a firm that helps professional fund managers analyze their own decision-making patterns. Her core argument: most investors aren't making rational choices. They're rationalizing them. We get into two specific biases that cloud judgment — sunk cost fallacy and the endowment effect — and how they show up whether you're picking individual stocks or rebalancing a 529 plan. Clare shares a personal example. After the 2024 election, she moved her kids' college funds from equities into bonds, recorded her reasoning in her calendar, and came back nine months later to review it honestly. She was wrong. Equities kept climbing. But having a written thesis let her make a clean new decision rather than doubling down out of ego. We also walk through five investor archetypes drawn from behavioral research on fund managers. Connoisseurs let winners run. Raiders take profits too early. Rabbits freeze — or keep buying into a losing position. Hunters wait and take calculated shots. Assassins cut losses cleanly, without emotion. Most people default to rabbit behavior when things go south. The goal is to be an assassin. Clare's practical rule: don't let any single position drag your overall portfolio down more than 1 percent before forcing yourself to reassess. Her closing advice for long-term investors: ask yourself five simple questions before every major move, write down your reasoning, and go back and check. Timestamps: Note: Timestamps will vary on individual listening devices based on dynamic advertising run times. The provided timestamps are approximate and may be several minutes off due to changing ad lengths. (00:00) 5 Ways Investors Behave When Things Go Wrong (05:20) Clare Flynn Levy — hedge fund manager turned behavioral finance analyst (06:50) 2008 crisis — watching screens turn red daily (08:25) Sunk cost fallacy and the endowment effect — why investors hold losers too long (10:25) Index funds — riskier than most people think (17:09) Tech concentration — how indexes got warped (27:52) Algorithmic trading — machines changing the game (29:37) Playing the wrong game — taking cues from short-term traders (31:22) Individual stocks — same behavioral traps apply (35:22) Hit rate vs. payoff ratio — what actually drives returns (44:57) Five investor archetypes — how you behave when winning and losing (50:17) Alpha decay — when to exit a winning position (54:22) Being an assassin — rules for cutting losses without emotion (59:42) Decision journaling — five questions to ask before every move (01:03:22) Quarterly snapshots — simple way to track your own patterns (01:05:22) Closing advice — discipline, patience, and realistic expectations Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices