Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years.

Yacold also partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for gut health, an investigator-led research program.

To learn more about Yachtolt, visitacult.co.com.j.j.

That's y-A-K-U-L-T dot-C-O-J-P.

When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on Yacolt.

This is Scientific American's 60-second science.

I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

The paleo diet, it's pretty trendy.

Eat like a caveman, no dairy, no grains, no sugar, and so on.

But what you probably won't find on many paleo plates today...

Pine nuts and moss and tree bark and mushrooms.

Laura Wyrich, a paleo microbiologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia.

What we would like to call the true paleo diet.

It's basically what you could find in a forest if you're not eating meat.

Wyrick and her colleagues clean the teeth of Neanderthals, found in Belgium and Spain.

They popped off bits of ancient dental plaque and then sequenced the DNA contained within, to see if it matched up to any known sequences today.

What they found suggests that the northern Neanderthals ate a meat-heavy diet, stuff like woolly rhino and wild sheep.

Whereas their southern counterparts, they ate that forest-foraged vegetarian fair, mushrooms, pine nuts, and moss. One of the Spanish specimens

also appeared to have taken a tree-derived painkiller, related to aspirin, and might have

self-medicated with antibiotic penicillium bacteria, too. And the Neanderthal's mouth microbiome,

on average, resembled that of chimps more than modern humans. They have a much healthier set of bacteria in their mouth as well. They don't have the nasty

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