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The a16z Show

Submarines and the Future of Defense Manufacturing

The a16z Show

a16z

Business, Software Eating The World, Culture, Innovation, Disruption, Entrepreneurship, Science, Technology

4.21.2K Ratings

🗓️ 25 March 2026

⏱️ 24 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

David Ulevitch speaks with Chris Power, founder and CEO at Hadrian, and Vice Admiral Robert Gaucher, the Pentagon's first direct reporting portfolio manager for submarines, at the opening of Hadrian's Factory Four in Cherokee, Alabama. They discuss the state of America's submarine industrial base, why the Navy now needs more than five times the manufacturing capacity it had a decade ago, and how software-driven factories and a new workforce can close the gap.

Transcript

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0:00.0

The real advantage that submarines bring is our stealth and access.

0:05.0

We can pretty much go anywhere in the world undetected.

0:08.0

We can carry nuclear missiles on our ballistic missile submarines,

0:11.0

and that ensures that we continue our decades of peace without nuclear war

0:17.0

that any country that tried to attack us with nuclear weapons would be destroyed.

0:21.5

At the end of the Cold War, we walked away from manufacturing.

0:25.9

The amount of work that we need now to replenish our fleet is on the order of about 70 million hours.

0:31.5

The power of combining the new workforce, American software, American steel, and American spirit

0:36.2

is you have to get this productivity jump somehow with advanced factories.

0:39.8

It's not a money problem. We have to get this productivity uplift by fusing workforce training and software together to go a lot faster.

0:47.5

In the mid-1980s, the United States built four nuclear submarines a year.

0:52.8

Then the Cold War ended, production collapsed, and nine

0:56.2

out of ten manufacturing jobs vanished. An entire generation was told to skip the factory floor.

1:03.6

Four decades later, the Navy needs more than five times the capacity it had a decade ago.

1:08.8

The Columbia class program requires roughly 70 million labor hours.

1:13.6

The workers who could fill them aged out, and nobody replaced them. This is not a budget problem.

1:20.1

The money exists. The people do not. The question is whether software-driven manufacturing

1:26.5

can compress a decade of training into something the country can scale.

1:31.4

David Ulovich speaks with Chris Power, founder and CEO at Hadrian, and Vice Admiral Robert Goucher, the Pentagon's first submarine czar.

1:43.4

I am very, very, very, very lucky to have two incredible folks joining me on stage.

1:49.7

This is going to be a conversation you do not want to miss.

1:53.1

So in addition to having Chris Power, the founder and CEO of Hadrian, who you heard earlier,

...

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