Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about subarachnoid hemorrhage.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash subarachnoid hemorrhage

or in the neurology section of the second edition of the

Zero to Finals Medicine book. And you can find flashcards and questions to train your knowledge

on this content and help you remember the information much longer at members.0 tofinals.com.

So let's get straight into it.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage involves bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal

fluid is located between the piomatta and the arachnoid membrane. This is usually the result

of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage has a very high mortality of around 30% and morbidity making it essential not to miss.

Let's talk about the risk factors.

Subrachnoid hemorrhage is more common in people aged 45 to 70 years old,

women and people from a black ethnic origin. The general risk factors for a subracnoid hemorrhage include hypertension, smoking and excessive alcohol intake.

Subrachnoid hemorrhage is also associated with a family history,

cocaine use, sickle cell anemia,

connective tissue disorders, for example,

Marfan syndrome or Erla's Danlos syndrome,

neurofibromatosis, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Let's talk about the presentation. The typical presenting symptom is a sudden onset

occipital headache occurring at the back of the head during strenuous activity, such as lifting heavy weights or having sex.

This may be described as a thunder clap headache, like being hit hard over the back of the head.

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