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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

The tropics are well known for their biodiversity, but another hotspot is mountains, like the

Hengdwan Mountains in south-central China. I mean, it will look very much like this kind of

familiar, temperate alpine system, but the plant diversity there is off the charts.

Rick Rhee is associate curator of botany at the Field Museum in Chicago.

These mountains harbor a third of all China's plant species, and one hypothesis for mountain

biodiversity is that mountain uplift creates new climates and habitats.

You'll see coniferous forests and limestone and granite outcrops with glaciers and glacier-fed rivers and alpine meadows.

Plants take advantage of the new niches and diversify.

Now Ria and his colleague, Yao Wu-Sh Sheng, have evidence supporting this idea for a connection

between mountain building and biodiversity. They use DNA data to build an evolutionary tree of plants

in the Heng Duan. Then they calibrated that tree with fossil data, and they saw an explosion

and diversification around 8 million years ago, right when uplift occurred. The results are in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

So if new microclimates create new opportunities for diversification,

what about global climate change?

If we look back on a history of life, I mean, one very striking pattern that we can see

is that evolutionary diversification

...