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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science.'m Karen Hopkin. Got a minute?

Time spent in zero-g changes the body. Astronauts come home with bone loss and muscle weakness.

But what happens in their heads? To find out, researchers examine MRIs of astronauts' brains

taken before and after flight. They looked at 12 astronauts who spent two weeks on the shuttle crew,

and 14 who spent half a year on the International Space Station.

What they saw is that the spacefarer's gray matter appeared compressed,

particularly around the front and sides of the brain, and the areas around the eyes.

That's probably due to a redistribution of cerebrospinal fluid,

which is no longer being pulled down by gravity, the researchers say. The exception to this compression

is in a small area of the brain that controls the feeling in and the movement of the legs.

This region expanded in the astronauts, particularly the ones who spent six months circling the

Earth. That changed, the researchers say, could reflect the formation of new neural connections,

as the brain tries to adapt to the weightless conditions.

The study is in the Nature Partner Journal, Microgravity.

The findings could have applications back here on TerraFerma.

For example, we could learn more about treating the brain changes that take

place in people who are on extended bed rest, with their feet elevated and thus higher than their heads.

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