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This is Scientific Americans, 60-second science. I'm Steve Merski.

So humans are really, really good, or at least Western traditional, tradition-educated

humans, are really, really good at categorizing things and types.

Jennifer Raff, she's an anthropologist at the University of Kansas. Raff spoke last month at

New York University's Journalism Institute. And if you go back through the history of physical anthropology,

which we now call ourselves biological anthropologists to distance ourselves from that history,

we as a discipline have a lot to answer for because we were the ones who measured cranium,

measured skulls and tried to come up with, we called it the Caucasoid and the negroid and

the mongoloid types, right?

This ideal specimen of a cranium that fit these perfect measurements and that was the type. we tried to fit in then every other person into one of these categories and that really influenced eugenics

We still have that notion are you this group? Are you that group? When in reality we're mixtures of most of us are very mixed. We have lots of ancestry from lots of populations.

So if we can stop thinking of these categories, these fixed entities, we'll get somewhere.

Raff later noted that race does involve biology, but as an effect. But that doesn't mean that

these racial categories aren't real in some sense.

And what I mean by that is, yes, they are culturally constructed categories, but they actually

have biological effects.

When we create the race black or African American or whatever we're going to call it,

...