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The Psychology Podcast

Sam Harris || Free Will (Part 2)

The Psychology Podcast

iHeartPodcasts

Science, Social Sciences

4.42K Ratings

🗓️ 4 March 2021

⏱️ 131 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Today it’s great to have Sam Harris on the podcast. Sam is the author of five New York Timesbest sellers, including The End of Faith, Letter to a Christian Nation, The Moral Landscape, Free Will, Lying, and Waking Up. The End of Faith won the 2005 PEN Award for Nonfiction. His writing and public lectures cover a wide range of topics—neuroscience, moral philosophy,religion, meditation practice, human violence, rationality—but generally focus on how a growing understanding of ourselves and the world is changing our sense of how we should live. He also hosts the Making Sense Podcast, which was selected by Apple as one of the “iTunes Best” and has won a Webby Award for best podcast in the Science & Education category.

Topics

[0:17] Sam and Scott discuss materialism and consciousness

[2:59] Sam makes his case for determinism

[11:08] Sam and Scott discuss “the self” and free will

[24:50] Sam’s take on why determinism eases human suffering

[29:23] Sam’s thoughts on the "responsibility paradox"

[36:30] The link between the responsibility paradox, cancel culture, and politics

[43:57] Sam’s thoughts on pride

[48:17] Sam’s reflections on love, hate, and Trump

[1:08:00] Sam’s defense of objective morality

[1:15:51] Why we ‘should’ prevent suffering and promote collective wellbeing

[1:30:23] What if reincarnation was real?

[1:33:37] Would it be good to change someone’s intuition of right and wrong?

[1:39:40] How emotions and values are linked

[1:45:09] Why we need to scale values

[1:48:12] Sam’s issue with the is-ought problem

[1:56:49] Why Sam maintains that free will and determinism are incompatible

[2:02:45] Why the self is an illusion

[2:08:53] Sam’s exploration of mystery

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Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

Okay, well, there are all of the causes of what I'm conscious of, our first unconscious,

0:29.0

so I'm not aware of what my brain is doing at the synaptic level. I'm certainly not a dogmatic materialist.

0:41.0

I can bracket the ontology here, but let's just talk in terms of materialism and then it certainly is a materialist.

0:49.0

Most scientific compatibilists are materialists, so let's just grant materialism and it's deterministic flavor for this conversation.

1:00.0

My mind is what my brain is doing in this moment. If I'm going to get to the end of this sentence, it's because of microchanges at the level of neural circuits that accomplish that.

1:13.0

The grammar of human language and in my case, English is somehow encoded in the physical substrate of my brain as it would be in the physical substrate of a robot that was also speaking English successfully, although it just would be a very different kind of computer.

1:29.0

So what we're talking about is information processing in a physical system. In my case, the computer is made of meat in a robot's case.

1:37.0

You'll be made of silicon and the in neither case is there something extra, which is emerging or being added that is giving a degree of freedom beyond just the impressive complexity.

1:58.0

The complexity of the system in dialogue with its environment.

2:04.0

I think that is.

2:06.0

Let me like pinpoint precisely what I think that extra thing is, you know, cognitive control are encodes things like implementation intentions.

2:14.0

If we could build a program a robot to have the capacity for implementation intentions.

2:19.0

And what I mean by that is error correction ability to take its current, because you're right, we, you know, in the moment, you know, we don't really have free will.

2:28.0

But we have the capacity to shift our behavior in the future so that we can learn from our mistakes so that we can even make moral reasoning decisions, you know, turtles, chimps, apes, and robots right now don't really have a great capacity for moral reasoning about something an action they already made so they can change their behavior in the future.

2:48.0

To me, that conscious control is free will, it's free will.

2:53.0

But I don't think I can convince you to use that label for that phenomenon. Is that right?

3:00.0

Well, it's again, you're either changing the subject or like either you're going to interact with the thing people think they really think they have, right?

3:09.0

Or you're going to, or you're going to grant, okay, they don't have that and we're going to talk about this new thing.

3:14.0

I mean, so I like, there's, there's no doubt in my mind that there is a difference that's that's rational to care about between, you know, voluntary and involuntary action or an ability to regulate emotion or not.

3:27.0

I mean, there are people who have brain damage who, you know, just blurred out everything they're thinking they can't stop doing that right.

3:33.0

And psychopaths are moral blind, morally blind.

3:36.0

Right. Yes.

...

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