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This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Christopher and Taliatta.

Freshwater dolphins live in many of the world's biggest rivers, from the Amazon to the

Ganges, and they differ in a lot of ways from their better-known ocean-going cousins.

They have a flexible neck. They have different types of teeth. They can also move their

flippers independently in different directions

so they can swim backwards. Gabriel Melo Santos, a marine biologist at the University of

St. Andrews in Scotland. When I decided that I wouldn't be a biologist, I decided that I wanted

study dolphins. And being born in the Amazon, it was only natural to go for the river dolphins.

He says another thing that sets his study subjects apart from marine dolphins are their calls.

Over several years, Milo Santos has recorded the sounds of Aragoyan river dolphins that came calling at the Mokajuba fish market.

That's on Brazil's Tokunateen's river.

Then, using sound analysis software, his team fished 237 distinct sound types from the recordings,

indicating the dolphins have a wide repertoire.

The call collection, published in the journal Pierj, has only a few whistles.

Instead, three-quarters of the collected sounds

were short two-parters like this one.

...