Let's just say that you do a soil test, and you figure out that you have some heavy

metals, or as we've recently learned toxic elements in your soil at a high enough concentration

that it really warrants you trying to fix it instead of maybe giving up on that area.

Well, we have Dr. Anna Ponceva back on the show, and I think this is probably the episode

and that everyone wants to know, how do I remediate or fix soil that has these heavy metals

or these toxic elements, and out of curiosity, just if we zoom up to maybe the industrial

of the urban construction level, I'm assuming that sometimes this will happen in a construction

project, and they'll have to remediate that soil somehow.

How do they do it in large scale?

See then we get to the smaller backyard gardener.

Yeah.

In a nutshell, there are Exito and Insito remediation mechanisms, and Exito are very expensive.

When they have to do it outside somewhere, they take this soil, it's like a construction

side that you describe, or maybe it's an old factory, or maybe it's a brown field,

they have to excavate the soil and bring it to facility and go through different treatments.

There are multiple ways how it can be done, the soil washing, they may go on to different

temperature regimes.

It depends what kind of contamination it is, of course, they may go to some sterilization.

There are so many varieties of choices these days, but it's super expensive, and that's

why scientists came up with ideas how to change soil property and heavy metal contamination

to make it less harmful to humans through Insito application of soil amendments.

So technically, we don't have to go and take this, excavate the soil and bring it somewhere

...