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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science.

I'm Karen Hopkins. This will just take a minute.

Reindeer spit is in the news. Well, now it is.

You see, reindeer and moose eat plants that contain toxins, entrusted with keeping the vegetation from being so desirable.

But now we know that the animal's saliva can prevent the production of those toxins.

The slick finding is in the journal Biology letters.

Generally speaking, plants do not like to be eaten, and many have defenses to avoid this fate.

The red fescue that's favored by European reindeer and moose maintains a mutually beneficial

relationship with a fungus.

When the host plant gets munched on,

the resident fungus churns out a toxin called ergovaline. This chemical restricts blood flow to the grazer's extremities, which can lead to the loss of limbs. But the battle doesn't

end there, because researchers found that when reindeer and moose drool is dribbled over plants,

ergovaline production goes way down.

The specific secret of the spit is still unsolved, but the researchers think that compounds in the saliva interfere with the chemical signals that switch on toxin production when the

plants get et.

One thing they know for sure, as they write in their report, and who can argue, the, quote,

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