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This is a clip of a lecture I gave on the history of Bolivia the rise of Evo Morales and the movement towards socialism or Moss leading up to the coup

and what Bolivia represents for indigenous socialists in North America. So, Don't go go on a day. So good morning comrades. I'm going to be talking briefly about the political

economic and social situation in Bolivia. I hope everyone had the opportunity to

listen to the podcast with Vivi Camacho, who is a minister of ancestral

knowledge and medicines in the Puerto National State of Bolivia.

She and I spoke when I was in LaPaz about two weeks ago

talking about just the kind of origins of the indigenous movement and the current movement to reconstruct Bolivia after the coup in 2019. So I'll be talking today about the kind of like doing a

brief history of the rise of the movement towards socialism, its historical significance,

as well as kind of the current process of reconstruction

post-coo.

So I'm going to be talking also about the rise of Emo Morales, who was the first indigenous president of Bolivia, his role in helping shape an indigenous and plural national state.

So it's important to begin, of course,

this history begins, you know, 500 years ago,

the indigenous state or the indigenous region

known as the Indian region, known as the Andean region,

extends far beyond just the borders of Bolivia.

It extends pretty much all of South America, and they're united, if you listen to the podcast, they're united, the

Ketchua people, there are four different Ketchua dialects or subgroups. They each have their own languages and cultural traditions, but nonetheless, they are what we know as the kind of Incan Empire, right? I'm sure many of you've heard of this

heard of this particular indigenous group, but the name for the region is Pachamama, but Pachamama also includes, you know, not just the Indian region, but includes all of South America.

And they have moved towards using the language of Abbiala, which is a Panamanian indigenous term that encompasses what we know is the Americas, right?

And I think it's important to distinguish first and foremost what we mean by indigenous in the Americas because it's specific and I don't want to say that it's racial but nonetheless I think the term American Indian applies to the

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