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This is Scientific American 60-second science. I'm Christopher Ndallata. Got a minute?

Flip through Rolling Stone and you'll read about a lot of revolutions in popular music.

Rock and roll and punk, disco and new wave.

But for Matthias Mao, an engineer at Queen Mary University of London,

the qualitative analysis of musical evolution, the music critics take,

left him wondering, you know, is there some way in which we can take this kind of pub

conversation and make it a more quantifiable? So he and his colleagues analyzed fragments

from more than 17,000 songs on the Billboard Hot 100, from 1960 to 2010.

They process the audio to extract information about timbrel and harmonic qualities,

tagging the files for attributes like orchestra harmonic,

or calm, quiet, mellow.

Then they use those tags, which they compare to a musical fossil record,

to tease out trends about musical evolution over time.

Turns out from 1960 to 2009, the dominant seventh chord

all but disappeared in what they call the death of blues and jazz on the pop charts.

But as dominant sevenths faded, the minor seventh came into its own.

More than doubling in frequency between 1967 and 77.

...