Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through pneumonia in children,

and you can find notes at zero to finals.com and in the zero to finals pediatrics book,

and you can find flashcards and questions to train your knowledge at members.0tofinals.com. And if you stick around at the end of the

episode, we'll go through some questions to test yourself on what you just heard. So let's jump

straight in. Neumonia involves infection of the lung tissue causing inflammation in the

alveoli. Community acquiredacquired pneumonia develops in the

community and hospital-acquired pneumonia develops after more than 48 hours in hospital.

Acute bronchitis refers to infection and inflammation in the bronchial tubes. Both pneumonia and acute

bronchitis are lower respiratory tract infections. Bronchiolitis refers to infection and inflammation

in the bronchioles and occurs in children under two years

of age, usually under six months. Bronchiolitis is most often caused by respiratory

syncytial virus or RSV. Upper respiratory tract infections, causing a blocked nose, sore throat and dry cough, are usually viral.

As a general rule, the lower down the respiratory tract, the higher the probability that the infection is caused by a bacteria as opposed to a virus.

Let's go through the causes.

The top causes of bacterial pneumonia are streptococcus pneumonia, which is the most common cause,

and hemophilus influenza.

Other bacterial causes include Group A Strep, for example, Streptoccus pyogenes,

Staphylococcus aureus, which is particularly associated with concurrent influenza infection

and in patients with cystic fibrosis, and mycoplasma pneumonia, which is an

atypical bacteria, which often has extra pulmonary manifestations, meaning things that happen

away from the lungs, for example a rash called erythema multiforme.

Viral causes of pneumonia include respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, which is the most common

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