Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going to be going through

Plagiocephaly and Breccephaly. And you can find notes at 0.0 tofinals.com slash

plagiocephaly and in the zero to finals pediatrics book. and you can find flashcards and questions to train your

knowledge at members.0 to finals.com. So let's jump straight in. Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are common

conditions that cause abnormal head shapes in infants.

Pagiocaphaly describes flattening of one area of the head.

Plagio translates to oblique or slanted.

Brachycephaly describes flattening at the back of the head, resulting in a short head from back to front,

with an increased width of the head from side to side.

Brachy translates to short.

Positional plageocephaly occurs when a baby tends to rest their head on a particular area, causing

the skull bones to mold under gravity and pressure, creating an abnormal head shape.

What's the presentation?

The typical presentation is a baby aged three to six months with an abnormal head shape.

Let's talk about assessment.

Craniosinostosis, which is premature fusion of the skulls sutures,

should be considered based on a thorough history and physical examination,

including assessment and palpation of the sutures. Specialist

assessment and imaging may be required if there's diagnostic uncertainty. Congenital muscular

torticolus must also be considered, and this involves the sternocloidomastoid muscle shortening on one side of the neck.

This reduces the range of motion of the baby moving their head to one side. This may be the reason

that the child tends to rest on one side of the head when they're sleeping. Physiotherapy can help with movement exercises to treat torticolus.

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