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EM Clerkship

Peds H- Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia

EM Clerkship

Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD

Health & Fitness, Science, Education, Medicine, Life Sciences

4.9816 Ratings

🗓️ 21 January 2018

⏱️ 8 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary


Introduction



* In pediatric patients, have a low threshold to check blood sugar* Undiagnosed diabetics commonly identified in ED during first episode of DKA* HYPOglycemia is very common in multiple conditions, especially in ill children



Hyperglycemia



* DKA is different in kids* They get cerebral edema* Increased intracranial pressure with rapid fluid administration* Common symptoms* Headache* Altered mental status* Neurologic deficits* Cushings triad* Hypertension* Bradycardia* Irregular breathing* Treatment = mannitol



Hypoglycemia



* Multiple causes* Sepsis* Inborn errors of metabolism* Endocrine disorders* Replace glucose using “Rule of 50s”* Dextrose % x Volume = 50* Neonates: 5ml/kg of D10* Pediatrics: 2ml/kg of D25* Teens/Adults: 1ml/kg of D50* 1 “amp” of D50 = 25g of sugar = 50ml



Additional Reading



* Rule of 50s (PEMBlog)* Pediatric DKA (EM Cases)

Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson and thank you for downloading this week's episode of the EM Clerkship Podcast.

0:14.0

Okay, everybody, this is Dakota. He's a three and a half year old male. He's awoken with diffuse abdominal pain.

0:21.6

According to mom, he vominated about five times. Some of that was productive.

0:25.6

Has a rash on the anterior chest. He was lethargic when we got there since we've been there with him and through the transport.

0:32.6

Now crying, as you can see. Lone sounds were clear as far as we can tell we then

0:38.7

noticed so two sats dropping and had cyanosis around the lips so he put him on

0:42.2

02 he's one he had no previous fever now 102.3 rectal mom and extended family

0:50.0

are out here so just FYI GCS at 10 BP 100 over 60

0:54.2

Pulse of 1 2097% on the O2 and no allergies no meds had not been sick for the past couple days

1:01.1

any questions anybody I know it's a lot he's kind of crunking on us okay thank you all right All right, same case.

1:15.7

I'm trying to mentally prepare you for this type of thing.

1:18.7

That's why we keep repeating this.

1:21.1

Sick babies and sick kids are scary.

1:25.7

And we are currently in the middle of our series on our sick pediatric patient

1:30.0

mnemonic, oh shit, grab the brazla, which is the mnemonic you whip out anytime you have

1:36.4

a peds patient that doesn't look well and makes you nervous. And this is opposed to the vast

1:43.1

majority of pediatric cases where the kid looks great.

1:46.2

The demonic stands for start oxygen and consider your airway and breathing disorders.

1:53.3

And H this week stands for hyper and hypoglycemia. Check that finger stick glucose.

2:03.8

And then in the following weeks, we'll do S for sepsis,

2:11.1

H for heart, I for inborn errors of metabolism and endocrinology, and T for tummy and trauma.

2:20.2

Super high-yield stuff. Whenever we see these sick kids, we grab a Roslo tape and get to work on this algorithm.

...

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