Welcome back to 10 blocks. I'm Teddy Kupfer, an associate editor of City Journal, and I'm joined

today by John Ketchum.

John is a fellow at the Manhattan Institute and M.I. as director of state and local policy,

he writes regularly for City Journal. And today he joins us to discuss all things in New York,

city, and state. So, John, thank you very much for coming.

Wonderful to be with you, Teddy. Thanks so much for having me.

So last week, the New York State Legislature passed its budget for the 23-24 fiscal year. It's one of the latest dates for budget completion in the past decade, passing more than a month

after the deadline.

And the state constitution allows governors to include wide-ranging policy proposals in their executive

budgets.

And Governor Kathy Hochel had recommended drastic changes on a number of fronts from bail laws

to charter schools to housing.

So I guess let's start by, you know, what is in this budget?

How does the approved budget stack up to Hogle's proposed version?

Well, what made it to the final budget and up to Hogle's proposed version?

Well, what made it to the final budget and what Governor Hokel proposed back in the winter look like two different things almost entirely.

So Governor Hockel tried to propose a number of transformational changes to New York

States housing, criminal justice, and charter schools,

as you said. And really, the only thing she wound up getting, to any significant degree,

at least, is on criminal justice. Now, there's been a lot of back and forth as to the prudence

of focusing on the particular criminal justice reform that she had sought compared to some other

alternatives and basically struck out on her transformative housing proposal, which really would

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