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In Our Time

Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow

In Our Time

BBC

History

4.69.9K Ratings

🗓️ 19 September 2019

⏱️ 54 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how, in September 1812, Napoleon captured Moscow and waited a month for the Russians to meet him, to surrender and why, to his dismay, no-one came. Soon his triumph was revealed as a great defeat; winter was coming, supplies were low; he ordered his Grande Armée of six hundred thousand to retreat and, by the time he crossed back over the border, desertion, disease, capture, Cossacks and cold had reduced that to twenty thousand. Napoleon had shown his weakness; his Prussian allies changed sides and, within eighteen months they, the Russians and Austrians had captured Paris and the Emperor was exiled to Elba.

With

Janet Hartley Professor Emeritus of International History, LSE

Michael Rowe Reader in European History, King’s College London

And

Michael Rapport Reader in Modern European History, University of Glasgow

Producer: Simon Tillotson

Transcript

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0:00.0

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0:04.9

Thanks for downloading this episode of In Our Time.

0:07.6

There's a reading list to go with it on our website and you can get news about our programs

0:11.5

if you follow us on Twitter at BBC In Our Time.

0:14.9

I hope you enjoyed the programs.

0:16.7

Hello, in September 1812, Napoleon captured Moscow and waited the month for the Russians

0:21.2

to meet him, to surrender.

0:22.9

Yet to his dismay, no one came.

0:25.7

Soon his triumph was revealed as a great defeat.

0:28.7

According to his coming, supplies were low.

0:30.8

The order is grown down May of 600,000 to retreat.

0:34.2

And by the time he crossed the border, desertion, disease, capture, cross-ex on the cold, had

0:38.9

reduced that to 20,000.

0:41.6

Napoleon had shown his weakness.

0:43.2

His pressure now lies changed sides.

0:45.2

And within 18 months of the day, the Russians and the Austrians had captured Paris and the

0:49.0

Emperor was exiled to Elba.

0:51.4

With me to discuss Napoleon's retreat from Moscow are Michael Row, reader in European

0:56.1

history, King's College London, Michael Report, reader in modern European history, the

1:01.2

University of Glasgow, and Janet Hartley, Professor Emeritus of International History at the

1:06.0

LSE.

1:07.0

Janet Hartley, why had Napoleon invaded Russia?

...

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