Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode, I'm going to be going through menigitis, and you can find

notes at zero to finals.com and in the zero to finals pediatrics book, and you can find flashcards and

questions at members.0.0 to finals.com. So let's jump straight in. Menigitis refers to inflammation

of the meninges, usually due to infection. The meninges are the membranes that line the brain

and the spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, is contained within the meninges in the subarachnoid space.

Let's start with bacterial meningitis.

The causes of bacterial meningitis include Nyseria meningitis,

Streptoccus pneumonia or pneumococcus, hemophilus influenza type B, group B streptococcus, or GBS, which is particularly important in

neonates, as GBS may colonize the vagina, and Listeria monocytogenes, particularly in neonates.

Nyseria meningitis is a gram-negative diploccus, meaning the bacteria is spherical or sphere-shaped,

and it usually occurs in pairs. It's also known as meningococcus.

Meninjigoccal meningitis occurs when Nyseria meningitis infects the meninges and the cerebrospinal

fluid, causing meningitis. Meninjococcal septicemia occurs when the bacteria invades the bloodstream.

Meningoccal septicemia causes the classic non-blanching rash,

although the rash can be absent in meningoccal disease.

Next let's talk about viral meningitis.

The most common causes of viral meningitis are enteroviruses, for example,

Coxsacki virus, herpes simplex virus, or HSB,

varicella zoster virus, or VZV, which is the chickenpox virus,

and perecovirus, particularly in infants under three months.

Viral PCR testing can be performed on a CSF sample, taken by a lumbar puncture.

A cyclovir is used to treat herpesymplex virus and varicella zoster virus,

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