This is scientific Americans 60 second science. I'm Steve Mursky. Got a minute?

Wastewater itself traditionally has been viewed as something negative.

It has been viewed as something that we need to get rid of.

Environmental Engineer Kartik Chandran of Columbia University.

On September 29th he was named one of this year's MacArthur fellows, often referred to

as recipients of the Genius grants.

Where most people see sewage, Chandran sees a resource.

To me these are not just waste streams, these are enriched streams.

So these are enriched in nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus,

these are enriched in carbon, organic carbon.

These are also enriched in energy.

And so if you now start to think about these as enriched streams, these now contain resources that we could extract and recover and use.

Using alternate biological processes, we can convert the carbon present in these waste streams to methane,

and methane can be directly used for energy.

We can extract the methane and we can use it for a co-generation of electricity and power.

There are many utilities in the nation that actually do this.

This changes the game when we are talking about developing or underdeveloped economies

where people just don't have access to sanitation because they don't have access to energy

to drive these energy-intensive sanitation processes or wastewater treatment processes.

So what we are now doing is considering when we start talking about waste streams as energy sources,

we are basically driving the treatment of these waste streams from the energy which is produced from within these streams.

One example of our field work is in Ghana, where we've been working with Engineers Without Borders,

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