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EM Clerkship

Laceration Evaluation

EM Clerkship

Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD

Health & Fitness, Science, Education, Medicine, Life Sciences

4.9 • 816 Ratings

🗓️ 5 March 2017

⏱️ 10 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary


Lacerations are the single best opportunity to demonstrate your procedural skills during your clerkship!!!



To Close or Not To Close?



* Closing a wound with sutures, etc = Healing by “primary intention”* INCREASES risk of infection but DECREASES scar* Leaving a wound open = Healing by “secondary intention”* DECREASES risk of infection but INCREASES scar



Step 1: History



* Does patient have comorbidities that increase risk of infection/poor healing?* Diabetes* Renal Failure* Obesity* Smoking* Immunosuppression* How long since injury happened?* Any concern for foreign body?



Step 2: Identify Tetanus Status



* Has patient EVER been immunized against tetanus?* Has it been >5 years since last tetanus shot?



Step 3: Tetanus Prophylaxis



* Give tetanus booster (Tdap) if >5 years since last tetanus shot* Give tetanus immunoglobulin (IG) if patient has never had tetanus immunization



Step 4: Give Specific, Objective Description of Laceration



* EXACT length* Must use a ruler* Most important BILLING categories* 2.5 cm or less* 2.6 cm to 7.5 cm* 7.6 cm to 12.5 cm* Description* Shape* Linear* Stellate* Flap* Depth* Superficial* Muscle* Bone* Neurovascular exam* Sensation* Motor* Cap refill



Step 5: Rule Out Foreign Body



* Consider X-Ray* Not all foreign bodies will show up on x-ray* Especially organic material, clothing, etc* Consider bedside ultrasound* (You are not expected to know how to do this, only to consider this)



Additional Reading



* Laceration Repair (EM Clerkship)* Wound Closure for the Emergency Practitioner (LacerationRepair)




Transcript

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0:00.0

Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson, and thank you for downloading this episode of the EM Clerkship Podcast.

0:10.8

This month, we're going to be going through some wound care episodes.

0:15.5

On your clerkship evaluation forms, there is this category for procedural skills, something along those lines.

0:21.4

And from personal experience with filling these forms out, this is a hard category for

0:27.2

attendings and residents to grade because you don't get a lot of opportunities to prove yourself

0:31.9

with this.

0:32.7

And so you need to be ready to impress when you get the chance to do these procedures

0:36.5

during your clerkship.

0:38.4

For the vast majority of you, the procedures that you are going to be able to get your hands on

0:44.2

are the soft tissue type things. The big three are lacerations, abscesses, and burns.

0:52.4

And so that is where I want you to focus all of your brain energy.

0:55.9

Today, we are starting with the general approach to lacerations. Because this is probably the

1:02.5

most important one. This is going to be a two-part episode. We'll cover your evaluation and

1:07.7

presentation to the attending today. And then actually actually we'll cover the procedure itself next week.

1:14.9

But today, the most important thing that you kind of need to just understand about

1:18.7

laceration repair is this spectrum of should we repair or should we not repair the wound.

1:26.3

Because when we close a laceration and we suture it or whatever, it decreases the wound. Because when we close a laceration, when we suture it or whatever, it decreases

1:31.0

the scar. That's why we do it. But it actually increases the risk of infection. If we delay closing

1:38.9

the wound for a couple days, it'll make, sure, a slightly worse scar, but it'll decrease the risk of infection.

1:47.1

And some wounds, believe it or not, are best left just completely open.

1:51.8

You get a big scar, but such a lower risk of infection, that that's the decision we make.

1:56.6

And so the whole approach today is this balance.

...

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