Laceration Evaluation
EM Clerkship
Zack Olson, MD ; Mike Estephan, MD ; Maddie Watts, MD
4.9 • 816 Ratings
🗓️ 5 March 2017
⏱️ 10 minutes
🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS
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Summary
Lacerations are the single best opportunity to demonstrate your procedural skills during your clerkship!!!
To Close or Not To Close?
* Closing a wound with sutures, etc = Healing by “primary intention”* INCREASES risk of infection but DECREASES scar* Leaving a wound open = Healing by “secondary intention”* DECREASES risk of infection but INCREASES scar
Step 1: History
* Does patient have comorbidities that increase risk of infection/poor healing?* Diabetes* Renal Failure* Obesity* Smoking* Immunosuppression* How long since injury happened?* Any concern for foreign body?
Step 2: Identify Tetanus Status
* Has patient EVER been immunized against tetanus?* Has it been >5 years since last tetanus shot?
Step 3: Tetanus Prophylaxis
* Give tetanus booster (Tdap) if >5 years since last tetanus shot* Give tetanus immunoglobulin (IG) if patient has never had tetanus immunization
Step 4: Give Specific, Objective Description of Laceration
* EXACT length* Must use a ruler* Most important BILLING categories* 2.5 cm or less* 2.6 cm to 7.5 cm* 7.6 cm to 12.5 cm* Description* Shape* Linear* Stellate* Flap* Depth* Superficial* Muscle* Bone* Neurovascular exam* Sensation* Motor* Cap refill
Step 5: Rule Out Foreign Body
* Consider X-Ray* Not all foreign bodies will show up on x-ray* Especially organic material, clothing, etc* Consider bedside ultrasound* (You are not expected to know how to do this, only to consider this)
Additional Reading
* Laceration Repair (EM Clerkship)* Wound Closure for the Emergency Practitioner (LacerationRepair)
Transcript
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| 0:00.0 | Hello, med students. My name is Zach Olson, and thank you for downloading this episode of the EM Clerkship Podcast. |
| 0:10.8 | This month, we're going to be going through some wound care episodes. |
| 0:15.5 | On your clerkship evaluation forms, there is this category for procedural skills, something along those lines. |
| 0:21.4 | And from personal experience with filling these forms out, this is a hard category for |
| 0:27.2 | attendings and residents to grade because you don't get a lot of opportunities to prove yourself |
| 0:31.9 | with this. |
| 0:32.7 | And so you need to be ready to impress when you get the chance to do these procedures |
| 0:36.5 | during your clerkship. |
| 0:38.4 | For the vast majority of you, the procedures that you are going to be able to get your hands on |
| 0:44.2 | are the soft tissue type things. The big three are lacerations, abscesses, and burns. |
| 0:52.4 | And so that is where I want you to focus all of your brain energy. |
| 0:55.9 | Today, we are starting with the general approach to lacerations. Because this is probably the |
| 1:02.5 | most important one. This is going to be a two-part episode. We'll cover your evaluation and |
| 1:07.7 | presentation to the attending today. And then actually actually we'll cover the procedure itself next week. |
| 1:14.9 | But today, the most important thing that you kind of need to just understand about |
| 1:18.7 | laceration repair is this spectrum of should we repair or should we not repair the wound. |
| 1:26.3 | Because when we close a laceration and we suture it or whatever, it decreases the wound. Because when we close a laceration, when we suture it or whatever, it decreases |
| 1:31.0 | the scar. That's why we do it. But it actually increases the risk of infection. If we delay closing |
| 1:38.9 | the wound for a couple days, it'll make, sure, a slightly worse scar, but it'll decrease the risk of infection. |
| 1:47.1 | And some wounds, believe it or not, are best left just completely open. |
| 1:51.8 | You get a big scar, but such a lower risk of infection, that that's the decision we make. |
| 1:56.6 | And so the whole approach today is this balance. |
... |
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