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Few events in modern history were as dramatic as the six-day war of June, 1967, the war between Israel and four Arab nations,

Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq. Among other things, it changed the nature of the Middle East

and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict transferred control of the West Bank from Jordan to Israel

and unleashed Islamic extremism. The origins of

the war were complex. They began with the rise of pan-Arabism, which sought to unite the countries,

Syria, Iraq, and Jordan, created by the Europeans after World War I and into a single Arab state.

The question was, who would lead that state? In their efforts to

claim that role, Arab rulers tried to outdo one another in attacking Israel. Foremost among them

was Gamal Abdel Nasser, the charismatic leader of the most powerful Arab country, Egypt. To establish

his leadership on May 16, 1967,

Nasser evicted the UN peacekeepers who served as a buffer between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai

desert and the Gaza Strip, which was then under Egyptian control. Nassar marched his army into

the Sinai and threatened to drive the Jews into the sea. He blockaded the straits

of Tehran at the entrance to the Red Sea, choking off Israel's vital southern port of Elad.

He made a military alliance with Syria and Iraq. He placed the Jordanian army under Egyptian

command. By the first week of June 1967, Israel was surrounded. On its southern border, the army of Egypt. On its eastern

border, the armies of Jordan and Iraq. On its northern border, the army of Syria. And on its

western border, the Mediterranean Sea. And to make matters worse, Israel faced these threats

virtually alone. It had a tenuous relationship with Europe

and friendly ties with the United States, but not a strategic alliance. The Israeli defense forces,

...