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What constitutes backbiting and when is backbiting allowed?

So, backbiting has been defined by the Sunnah of our Prophet ﷺ to mention something

about your brother behind his back obviously that he does not like to be mentioned.

So this is a factual thing which you have said is factual.

You mention an awkward and embarrassing issue.

You mention something that will bring shame to that person.

And he doesn't want it to be known and you mention it in front of other people.

This is backbiting.

You should not do that.

As for lying, this is even worse as our Prophet ﷺ said and this is slander.

Now when is backbiting allowed?

Imam Al-Nawwa mentioned six positions.

Imam Ashokhani wrote a treatise for Reba, Fima Yajuzu, umad al-Yuzum al-Reba, that raising

the doubt about what is and isn't allowed of Reba.

All of these treatise and tracks are really not comprehensive.

They're simply trying to give you examples and illustrations when can you do Reba?

And I'll give you some of these examples and exceptions but realize these are exceptions.

The rule is you never do Reba.

That is the rule.

Do not think that every second thing you say will be an exception.

Exceptions remain exceptions.

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