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Short Wave

Iran offline: How a government can turn off the internet

Short Wave

NPR

News, Life Sciences, Daily News, Astronomy, Nature, Science

4.76.5K Ratings

🗓️ 26 January 2026

⏱️ 14 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

There’s an ongoing, near-total blackout of the internet in Iran. The shutdown is part of a response by the government to ongoing protests against rising inflation and the value of the nation’s currency plummeting. Since protests began more than two weeks ago, only an estimated 3% of Iranians have stayed online through the satellite internet system Starlink. Doing so is a crime. So, today on the show: Iran offline. We get into how the internet works, how a government can shut it down and how scientists are monitoring the nation’s connectivity from afar.

Check out more of NPR's coverage of Iran: 

Iran Protests Explained

There's an internet blackout in Iran. How are videos and images getting out?

Iran blocked the internet amid deadly protests. Some voices are still getting through

Interested in more science behind the headlines? Email us your question at shortwave@npr.org – we may tackle it in a future episode!

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This episode was produced by Berly McCoy, edited by Rebecca Ramirez and fact checked by Tyler Jones. Robert Rodriguez was the audio engineer.

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Transcript

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0:00.0

Only 11% of rental units allow big dogs.

0:03.5

But what exactly is a big dog?

0:06.0

The answer could mean the difference between life and death.

0:09.0

Control F is a new podcast about the data that companies and the government use to shape our daily lives.

0:16.2

Listen to Control F from KOWW in Seattle, a member of the NPR network.

0:21.5

You're listening to Shortwave from NPR.

0:27.0

Amanda Meng was on vacation the day before New Year's Eve when the messages began.

0:31.9

I got a signal message. There had been some on-the-ground reports of network interference,

0:37.4

and of course they wanted to know what we could see in our measurements.

0:40.3

Amanda is a part of a research project called Iota, or Internet Outage Detection Analysis.

0:46.3

Her research partners were telling her that something weird might be happening with the Internet in Iran.

0:51.3

And it actually took several days before we could see something abnormal in the data.

0:58.6

And then on January 8th, we all started to see our measurements just kind of start to fall off.

1:05.8

So a near a complete shutdown where Iranians were no longer connected to the global internet.

1:12.6

This is not the first time the Iranian regime has shut down the internet.

1:16.9

The regime during times of mobilization will shut down the internet to try and suppress that mobilization

1:24.0

as well as to control information. Also creating that chaos of not being able to connect

1:30.8

with people, connect to emergency services, might drive people back home out of the streets.

1:39.0

And of course the government has said it's shutting down the internet for national security.

1:43.4

Yes, right. They always offer some sort of reason or motivation, and it often has to do

1:49.8

with national security. The current internet shutdown came as a response to protests across Iran,

1:56.2

with crowds calling for political change amid rising inflation and a devastating drop in the value of Iranian currency, the Rial.

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