Hi, this is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be going through inflammatory bowel disease in children.

And you can find notes at zero to finals.com and in the zero to finals pediatrics book.

And you can find flashcards and questions at members.0.0 to.0.com. And at the end of the episode,

we'll go through some questions so you can test yourself on what you just heard. So let's jump

straight in. Inflammatory bowel disease involves recurrent episodes of inflammation in the

gastrointestinal tract. There are two main types,

ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with

periods of exacerbation where the symptoms are worse and remission where the symptoms settle.

It's thought to be caused by a combination of factors relating to genetics,

environment and the gut microbiome.

Inflammatory bowel disease may present in older children and adolescents from age 10 upwards.

The most common age of presentation is in young adults, for example 18 to 30.

However, the symptoms can start at any age.

Let's go through the features.

The general presenting features of inflammatory bowel disease are diarrhea,

abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fatigue, weight loss or failure to thrive, and anemia.

Patients may be systemically unwell during flares with fever, malaise and dehydration.

There are certain features that differentiate Crohn's disease and alternative colitis.

The differentiating features of Crohn's disease can be remembered with the nests,

numonic, remember crow's nests. N for no blood or mucus, as rectal bleeding is less common in

Crohn's disease, E for entire gastrointestinal tract affected all the way from the mouth to the

anus. S for skip lesions on endoscopy, which is where there's patchy areas of the bowel affected

...