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This is Scientific American's 60-second science.'m Christopher Entagata. Got a minute?

In the 1960s, a cancer-causing herpes virus was ravaging the poultry industry. The virus caused

what's called Merrick's disease and killed one to two percent of the birds.

Given that there are billions of birds in the industry, that's a lot of birds.

Andrew Reed, an evolutionary biologist at Penn State University.

He says the virus was easy to catch.

So the dander of chickens is full of the virus.

If you shake a chicken, the virus drops out.

Then, in 1970, a new vaccine put an end to most of the deaths.

But the poultry vaccine, unlike most, was a so-called

leaky or imperfect vaccine.

The vaccine is life-saving, that's the point of the vaccine, but it allows the infection

to persist and transmit from a host.

Meaning you could still shake a vaccinated chicken and make it rain viruses.

Now, Reid and his colleagues have shown that these leaky vaccines may actually give some viral strains an evolutionary leg up,

because the most virulent strains usually wipe out unvaccinated birds in just 10 days,

not enough time for the birds to infect many others.

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