Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about hyperthyroidism.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash hyperthyroidism

or in the endocrinology section of the zero to finals medicine book. So let's get straight

into it. Hyperthyroidism is where the thyroid glands produce too much thyroid hormones, specifically

tri-iodothyronine, or T3, and thyroxine, which is T4.

Thyrotoxicosis refers to the effects of abnormal and excessive quantities of thyroid hormones

in the body.

Primary hyperthyroidism is due to thyroid pathology.

The thyroid itself is behaving abnormally and

producing too much thyroid hormone. Secondary hyperthyroidism is due to pathology in the

hypothalamus or pituitary gland. The pituitary gland produces too much thyroid-stimulating hormone,

stimulating the thyroid gland to produce excessive thyroid hormones.

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is whether thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are normal,

and thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSA, is suppressed, meaning it's low.

In subclinical hyperthyroidism, there may be absent or mild symptoms.

Graves disease is an autoimmune condition where T.S.H receptor antibodies cause primary hyperthyroidism.

These TSA receptor antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the TSA receptors on the thyroid gland. This is the most common cause of

hyperthyroidism. Toxic multinodular goiter, also known as Plummer's Disease, is a condition where nodules

develop on the thyroid gland, which are unregulated by the thyroid axis and continuously

produce excessive thyroid hormones.

Toxic multidonodular goitre is most common in patients over the age of 50.

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